Ecological survey of the Lime Cay Essay Example for Free

What are the key similarities and differences between Freud and Jung’s theories of dreams?

Presentation Generally, dreams have regularly been given social noteworthiness everywhere throughout the world, and different theories flourish on the root and capacity of this captivating marvel. In any case, it was the spearheading work of Freud in the late nineteenth Century which genuinely reformed the manner in which dreams are talked about in much contemporary talk. In spite of the fact that as a hypothesis it is unfalsifiable and doesn't handily fit observational examination, it accordingly remains to some degree outside of the traditional logical way to deal with the investigation of mental marvels, as do the thoughts of Jung. Psychodynamic hypotheses have in any case been persuasive especially concerning dreams since their accurate reason and the beginning of their substance isn't certifiably intelligible as far as unthinking points of view on rest and brain. Unmistakably then these hypotheses request to individuals, and they have brought about psychotherapeutic techniques for examinatio n that have been useful to certain individuals (Freud, 1940). In view of this, this exposition will look to build up the individual commitments of Freud and Jung, where they agree and where their hypotheses clash. So as to do this every hypothesis should initially be illustrated. Freud attributed a vital focal situation of dreams in his general model of the mind (Jones, 1913). He considered dreams to be characteristic of pathologies and feelings influencing cognizant life, either legitimately or through the activity of his proposed idea of the oblivious. Freud accepted that in truth most of the psychological procedures administering an individual’s contemplations, emotions and hence conduct, occur in the oblivious brain, and that a natural blue pencil keeps these procedures and fundamental drives from cognizant mindfulness (Freud, 1922). This oblivious cognizant differentiation is important, Freud contends, in light of the fact that the sentiments evoked by cognizant informat ion on evident persuasive drives and inward battles would be inadmissible, and thusly these must be covered up in the oblivious. These unsatisfactory ideas just become accessible to cognizance in changed appearance; turning out to be something practically equivalent to yet increasingly worthy to the person. One of the essential ways Freud guessed that the oblivious imparted its substance to the cognizant brain was by means of dreams. The genuine experienced substance of dreams Freud names the show content, though the genuine importance of the fantasy as it is put away in the oblivious was named the idle substance (Freud, 1900). Through the strategy for analysis, using such procedures as free affiliation and projective strategies utilizing outer upgrades, for example, the Rorschach inkblot test, Freud accepted the dormant substance of dreams could be revealed, and that the disclosure of this data In the light of cognizance could lighten numerous hypochondriac indications (Fenichel, 2 006). Most definitely, dreams convey their message through emblematic methods. Pictures experienced in dreams speak to some part of the dreamer’s mind and their understanding can bring about significant bits of knowledge into the inward existence of a person. For Freud, the importance of certain fantasy images could be pervasive between people; on the off chance that one individual was longing for the Eiffel tower, at that point this could be deciphered similarly as though someone else were likewise longing for the Eiffel tower. The main way the understanding would vary would be with respect to the fantasy setting; that is, the spot the object of the Eiffel tower involved comparable to other dream questions, the themes and topics associated with the fantasy just as progressively encompassing sentiments encompassing dream objects. In this manner, two dreams including the Eiffel tower could be deciphered in an unexpected way, yet the emblematic Eiffel tower could be said to hav e comparable if not interchangeable importance between people, as indicated by Freud (1954). A key part of Freud’s hypothesis of the oblivious is that the inner self (the representative self) creates barrier components to shield itself from contemplations and emotions that it finds inadmissible, regularly these are sentiments of deficiency, social correlations or terrible wants or the like. This munititions stockpile of protection components incorporates restraint, refusal, sublimation and projection. This rundown isn't complete however these are the essential components by which sentiments that are esteemed unsafe to the self image are banished to the oblivious (Freud, 2011). In Freud’s hypothesis, these oblivious wants and emotions at that point show themselves emblematically in dreams through generally conspicuous and interpretable images. Another part of this hypothesis is that fantasy articles may shape classifications. At the end of the day, unique however maybe comparative items may mean something very similar regarding inert substance. One exemplary case of a semantic class of this sort is phallic images; basically anything round and hollow is frequently deciphered to mean a phallus, or progressively theoretical ‘power’ (Orrells, 2013). The fantasy examination would then continue with the dormant substance displaced in the spot of the show content, and the genuine importance of the fantasy could be added relying upon the fantasy setting. Freud was basically progressing in the direction of a broad information on the importance behind each fantasy image (Freud, 1900) and in spite of the fact that there was some affirmation that these images could be spoken to distinctively between different individuals, quite a bit of his hypothesis needs generalizability. This point turns out to be particularly applicable when it is recalled that his hypothesis was created utilizing just subjective information acquired from depressed people (F reud, 1922). As a contemporary of Freud’s, Jung built up his speculations to a great extent without his info. At the point when the two met they found that the greater part of their thoughts with respect to the oblivious and its demeanor in dreams were good if not indistinguishable. In any case, there were some key regions of dissimilarity; mainly there are new ideas presented by Jung, and contradictions over the specific idea of the oblivious. In spite of explicit contrasts, there is no precluding the striking closeness from claiming the speculations concerning the beginning of dreams, the structure of the individual mind and to a huge degree the translation of dream content. Freud and Jung concurred that fantasies harbor sentiments, musings and wants which are unsuitable or difficult to cognizant mindfulness. Jung made this thought a stride further and begat the term ‘complex’. A mind boggling focuses on a specific topic which plagues a person’s life ove r and over from numerous points of view. It must be a repetitive topic which significantly impacts the brain research of the person. Not at all like the more broad terms utilized by Freud, the possibility of a complex gives a progressively organized method of understanding an individual’s oblivious articulations through the strategies utilized in therapy, and the term was received by Freud into his brain science (Schultz and Schultz, 2009). Jung additionally presented the idea of the aggregate oblivious, as he felt that Freud’s detailing of the oblivious was well-suited when applied to the individual, yet inadequate as it couldn't represent the consistency of certain fantasy topics and even explicit images between people (Jung, 1981). Jung accepted that the consistency of dreams between people was best clarified by acquainting another level with the oblivious; a collective level where all around pertinent original images channel in camouflaged structure into the cogniz ant consciousness of people through dreams. These prime examples are crucial parts of life which apply to all individuals, and as such are imbued somehow or another in all societies, however are communicated contrastingly between societies in their separate fantasies, legends and divinities. For Jung, prototype pictures incorporate that of the mother, to give a thought of the kind of themes evidently intrinsic in the aggregate oblivious. In spite of the fact that Freud would later recognize the possibility of an aggregate oblivious (Jung, 1936), he despite everything didn't ascribe specific significance to it like Jung did, considering it to be a greater amount of a ‘appendix’ to the individual oblivious. The aggregate oblivious was of fundamental significance in Jung’s hypothesis of dreams; he guessed that many dream pictures and subjects could be deciphered as speaking to originals present in the aggregate oblivious (Jung, 1981). It is important here to dig som ewhat encourage into Jung’s hypothesis of the general human mind to completely value his viewpoint on dreams. Jung accepted a definitive objective of life was ‘individuation’ (Jung, 1923), which alludes to the unification of character, and an affirmation of every oblivious motivation. This joining of the oblivious with awareness can just happen with the two despite everything working in relative self-sufficiency yet with the cognizant psyche accomplishing a level of acknowledgment of the oblivious; both the group and individual oblivious that is. Until individuation can be accomplished, the individual must keep on endeavoring to separate themselves from the aggregate cognizance through the foundation of an individual persona. The persona is formed through the procedures of socialization and individual experience and along these lines the persona an individual choses to extend may not genuinely reflect how they are feeling or thinking. Jung contended this persona is likewise molded by the aggregate obviousness, and this battle for individuation against the models, and the strain felt by wearing the persona like a ‘mask’ is communicated in dreams (Jung, 1923). Integrating alternate extremes includes intensely in Jung’s hypotheses, and he accepted that fantasies could be articulations of this inward battle, which is a point of view shared by Freud. In any case, plainly there is contradiction on the beginnings of the inside battles; for Freud they emerge just from the weight of individual wants which are esteemed as unsuitable b

The Best Essay Samples For Teachers

The Best Essay Samples For TeachersThe best essay samples for teachers will make you think how much of your time and effort is going into writing the essay. You don't need to be a teacher to do this, you can even read books and check out blogs or read the internet for more relevant example assignments. Also remember that it should be easy to read and understand.If you are new to writing an essay, don't get too anxious as there are good essay samples for teachers which will help you write well. Find a good online teacher resource to learn how to write essays by getting the necessary skill from using simple exercises in essay writing which are available.I want to give you a quick goal for you to think about. What you may want to do is to create a reading journal about the topic that you plan to write an essay on. This will provide the necessary context to your essay. Read your sample assignment by the internet and also think about the last time you read a book on a topic you plan to wr ite an essay on.What you may want to do is to find the best essay samples for teachers that will help you write well. Many online resources such as resources like an essay examples for teachers can help you read through the lesson guide by using specific exercises or even try them out in the program of your choice. Then you can review how to write a composition paper. By doing this you will learn how to use the resources to help yourself in your class.Here is a summary of the main points in this lesson. Make sure that you carefully read the lesson guide.Writing an essay is an important part of studying English as a foreign language. If you have a really hard time with this, then it could end up hurting your grades in your studies or even leading to learning problems and anxiety. Writing an essay is not difficult if you know what to do and how to do it but it is up to you to learn how to manage and write it without getting stressed. Many students may find this as a problem, especiall y if you have a bad grade or average in your studies. Learn from experience and help yourself become better essay writer in future.You can check with your high school teacher if they would offer any help or references in terms of writing essays or reading. These resources are usually available online so make sure that you are taking advantage of them.

Mothers Day Quotes - What Writers Say About Mothers

What do the writers have to say about Mothers Day? From Edgar Allan Poe to Washington Irving, read what famous writers have written about their mothers. Writers Quotes The heart of a mother is a deep abyss at the bottom of which you will always find forgiveness. - Honore de Balzac (1799-1850) Youth fades; love droops, the leaves of friendship fall; A mothers secret hope outlives them all. - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) The real religion of the world comes from women much more than from men - from mothers most of all, who carry the key of our souls in their bosoms. - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) Where we love is home--home that our feet may leave, but not our hearts. - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) A mother is the truest friend we have, when trials, heavy and sudden, fall upon us; when adversity takes the place of prosperity; when friends who rejoice with us in our sunshine, desert us when troubles thicken around us, still will she cling to us, and endeavour by her kind precepts and counsels to dissipate the clouds of darkness, and cause peace to return to our hearts. - Washington Irving (1783-1859) Whatever else is unsure in this stinking dunghill of a world a mothers love is not. - James Joyce (1881-1941) Let us be grateful to people who make us happy, they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom. - Marcel Proust (1871-1922) Mother is the name for God in the lips and hearts of little children. - William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) All women become like their mothers. That is their tragedy. No man does. Thats his. - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895 How have mothers influence the lives of writers? How have women writers balanced the demands of motherhood with the need to write? And, what have authors written about their mothers? Celebrate mothers in literature! Mothers in LiteratureTo My Mother - Edgar Allan PoeMother o Mine - Rudyard KiplingMother and Babe - Walt WhitmanMothers Day Proclamation - Julia Ward HoweAh, Woe is Me, My Mother Dear - Robert BurnsLittle Women - Louisa May AlcottEmilys Mother  - Emily Dickinson

I Do Believe That If You Haven t Learnt About Sadness,...

â€Å"I do believe that if you haven’t learnt about sadness, you cannot appreciate happiness.† -Nana Mouskouri. Nana Mouskouri came up with this quote during her singing career, when a fan asked her how she came to be such an amazing singer. Nana Mouskouri mentioned that she had a lot of rough patches along the way with managers dropping her, but in the end, she ended up on top. In other words, it will be easier to appreciate the good times if you’ve already been through bad times. This quote is appealing because it applies to a variety of situations. Every person has hard times, and every person has happy times, but this quote could bring the two together. Therefore, many people would agree with this quote. Many different people lived by this quote, and they ended up appreciating the good times more after they went through the bad ones. One person that followed this quote is Nelson Mandela; He worked hard through legal troubles, relationship problems, and accusations for something he wanted for a long time. These long and tedious times, including the lengthy court trials, led to racial tension ease, which Mandela wanted for a long time (Academic American Encyclopedia). He went through the long trials until he got his wish of the racial tension ease. People should live by this quote because it demonstrates there are sad times in life, like Mandela’s court trials, but once people get through them, they can be more appreciative of what makes them happy. In Mandela’s case, whatShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Teaching Culture in the Foreign Language Classroom9379 Words   |  38 Pagessociologists, such as Durkheim, were well aware of, and expatiated upon, the interdependence of language and culture. For Durkheim (1912 [1947]), children master their mother tongue by dint of making hypotheses as to the p ossible circumstances under which it can be used, and by learning probabilities. For example, a child sees a canary and is culturally conditioned to associate certain features and attributes of the bird with the actual word canary. And most importantly, the extent to which the child will internalizeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the

Moral Can Be Defined Loosely As Of Good Character. Values Are A Belief Essay Example For Students

Moral Can Be Defined Loosely As Of Good Character. Values Are A Belief Essay , or standard. The question at hand is, has sex eroded moral values? Sex is everywhere. It is not limited to the bedroom anymore, but to the television, movies, billboards, office buildings and the White House. The open discussion and study of sex dates back only about a century, to the work of Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that sexuality was innate, present in humans at birth. Freud lived at a time when sexuality was considered unsavory, and was avoided in all polite conversation and social interaction. His breakthrough thinking affected social practices as well as therapeutic ones. In Freuds own era, the moral fog that had enshrouded sexuality for most of the nineteenth century did not begin to lift until after the First World War (Janus, 11). Where do we get our morals and values? Character education was what took place in school and society in the past. It was sometimes heavy-handed and always liable to abuse, but it seemed to serve our culture well over a long period of time. But what we have now, for the most part, is the decision-making approach (Kilpatrick, 16). In one form or another, sometimes as a course in itself, sometimes as a strategy in sex education classes, sometimes as a unit in civics or social sciences, it has set the tone for moral education in public and even private schools. The shift from character education to the decision-making model was begun with the best of intentions. The new approach was meant to help students to think more independently and critically about values (Kilpatric,16). Proponents claimed that a young person would be more committed to self-discovered values than to ones that were simply handed down by adults. That was the hope, but the actual consequences of the shift have been qui te different. For students, it has meant wholesale confusion about moral values: learning to question values they have scarcely acquired, unlearning values taught at home, and concluding that questions of right and wrong are always merely subjective. We live in a sexual world, but Americans have been slow to fully acknowledge its enormous impact. Among those interviewed in the Janus Report who were 18 to 26 years old, 21% of the men and 15% of the women had had sexual intercourse by age 14; a small percentage of them had had their first intercourse before age 10. It ought to be the oldest things that are taught to the youngest people, said G. K. Chesterton in 1910. If that guarded approach applies anywhere, moral education would seem to be the place. The Day America Told the Truth, a 1990 survey of American beliefs and values, contains this scene from a California high school: Its Friday afternoon and the students are leaving a class in social living. The teachers parting words are, have a great weekend. Be safe. Buckle up. Just say No and if you cant say No, then use a condom! (Kilpatrick, 53) Although the teacher in this example gives a nod in the direction of abstinence, her approach is basically of the responsible sex variety . Sex is an image that we as Americans have grown accustomed too. Sex is everything. If youre good looking, then youre having sex. If youre sexy, then youre having sex. If youre having sex, youre popular, and people are more likely to buy stuff from your company if you show people having sex. Sex sells. Sex sells cigarettes. Sex sells cars. Sex sells clothes, alcohol and vacuum cleaners. One way that a breakdown of sexual restraint hurts society is the educational sphere. There is abundant evidence that the more sexually active students do poorly in school and tend to drop out more frequently. Almost half of the teenage girls who drop out of school do so because of pregnancy. But that figure only suggests one dimension of the problem. The constant distraction caused by worries about sex and about relationships takes a tool on schoolwork. English Parts of Speech EssayToday, men and women are freer than ever to explore their sexual beings in or out of marriage. Their transformed sex roles, born of the womens movement and the sexual revolutions, facilitate heightened communicating outside the home. Today, medicine and psychology advise that people should keep on having loving sex as long as they wish. Sexuality becomes adapted to the context of the sexual experience, at all ages. While early adolescence are experimenting with full sexual activities of diverse varieties and young couples are seeking sex for reproduction, older couples are enjoying the comfort and excitement of sex without reproductive pressures. A new, vital, and active sexuality has been identified among mature, and post mature Americans. While society frets about preteens frolicking and college students antics on Spring break in Florida, the graying segment of Americans may be leading the way in superior sexual experience (Janus, 22). Other issues relating to sexuality have also made headlines over the past two decades. Divorce rates leaped in the 1970s, absent or self-involved parents and permissive child-rearing practices were blamed for creating misbehaving, out-of-control kids; the family as an institution was believed to be in big trouble. Very young adults are living together without the benefit of marriage. Meanwhile, kids are experimenting with their own sexuality at earlier and earlier ages. Barely out of their own childhood, teenagers are producing babies at ever-growing rates. By the 1980s, nearly a million mothers under 18 were giving birth every year. Of these young women, 70% were unmarried, up from 30% only a decade earlier. Some estimates indicate that as many as 10,000 extremely young women age 12 or younger, become pregnant every year. The younger these children are when they have their first child, the more likely they are to have at least one more child before their teen years end. These childr en who have children are particularly at risk of dropping out of school and becoming social throwaways who face a bleak future and are wanted only on the streets. Later, unable to get and hold jobs, they will drop out of the labor market as well, creating or perpetuating cycles of deep, depressing, unrelenting poverty as their children and grandchildren in turn become teenage, single, unemployable parents. Is sex eroding moral values? Absolutely. BibliographyBibliography1. Cosmopolitan. June 19992. Hunger Point. Jillian Medoff, Harper paperbacks. 19973. The Janus Report on Sexual Behavior. Samual S. Janus, Ph.D, Cynthia L. Janus, M.D. 19934. Why Johnny Cant Tell Right from Wrong. William Kilpatrick. 19925. Waste Makers. Vance Packard. 1960

Unmarked face Essay Example For Students

Unmarked face Essay Anne pulled a screwed up five pound note out of the pocket of her worn out jeans with her shaking hand and handed it to the elderly cashier, picked up the small paper bag and slowly walked out of the shop.  Anne was 5 feet and 7 inches tall with long golden shiny locks that flowed past her shoulders and blue eyes that always shone like diamonds and made her stand out from everyone else you saw walking the streets and she had a figure people would die for. To everyone else she seemed and looked perfect but under her clothes there were many marks on her soft, fair, unblemished skin given to her by her own flesh and blood, her mother. This showed and proved she was not and neither was her life, far from it in fact. We will write a custom essay on Unmarked face specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She slumped against the steps outside the shop and placed her bag down on the ground beside her. Holding her head in one hand and rubbing her tender beaten skin with the other where her mother had beaten her the previous night. Her eyes started to fill up and tears started to trickle down her beautiful unmarked face. She was sat there in her own little world watching the real world pass by, she could only think of the events of the night before, feeling the pain once again of the ghastly tight grip of her mothers lanky, sweating hands around her neck, she could remember trying her best to unleash the grip on her neck from her mothers evil clutches but as she did her mothers grip just got tighter and tighter. Anne could hear the load THUD the wall made as she was thrown against it and then her mother slapping and hitting her until she fell into a heap on the floor, crying and begging her mother to stop, but she did not she carried on hitting and beating her harder than ever before. Anne was trying to think of what she had done to deserve all this? Why couldnt her mother be like everyone elses, kind and loving instead of beating her to a pulp, why could she not kiss her, say she loved her and tuck her into bed at night.  She had decided that was it she could not take it anymore; there was nothing she could do, no other alternative. She could not go on her life being afraid, miserable and alone, she had to do something. Anne trembling picked up the small paper bag which was placed at her side and nervously opened it slowly. She took out what was inside the bag. She unscrewed the top of the bottle and empted the contents into her sweating, trembling hand. She paused looked around at the world passing by, to her the world was cruel and vile, this was the place in which she wanted to leave and never return to. She took a deep final breath. This was the end, her journeys end.

Why Brainstorming Doesnt Work

Why Brainstorming Doesnt Work Brainstorming doesnt work. It leads to ideas that conform to each other, and not to novel new ways of thinking.  The idea of brainstorming in a group seems to make sense, but the end result, the final product, is less than it could have been if group brainstorming could have been avoided. Sounds sacrilegious to say that, doesnt it? Why Do We Brainstorm? You have a blank screen in front of you. Youre pretty  desperate for an idea. Youre not sure about where to  find something to write about. Your project or product is in need of something and youre not sure where to go. It seems that you cant come up with the idea on your own, so you turn to the group and brainstorm. Brainstorming originates from Alex F. Osborn who, in the 1940s, wrote a book sharing the creative secrets he used at his advertising agency, Batten, Barton, Durstine Osborn. He called his book Your Creative Power and it became a runaway success. His idea of   getting a group together and storming the problem with your brain caught on and pretty soon the idea of brainstorming was the standard way for business, education, government, and the military to solve problems. The concept behind Osborns idea is that brainstorming was a method that would free participants from inhibition, self-criticism, and criticism by others so that a specific problem might receive the maximum ideas possible. For years, no one questioned the validity of the concept.  Brainstorming seems like the best way to apply the idea that we are stronger as a group than we are if we are alone. It seems logical to bring in your whole team, start throwing around ideas, and building on them. The best will rise to the top and youll get ideas that one person alone could not have come up with. We assumed that the group, and not the individual, can achieve more success with each persons creativity springboarding off of anothers. We were wrong. Brainstorming is where the ideas are born before reality sets in.In A Brainstorming Group, We Think Alike Strong personalities rule the show. Leadership unconsciously steers ideas towards preferred conclusions, or asks questions that beg a specific kind of answer. Team members fear negative evaluation from those higher up and their input is limited and the ideas they share are only the ones they deem reasonable. Why does group brainstorming so consistently fail despite the protestations of those who swear by it? How could they miss seeing whats happening? 1. We see what we expect to see. The end of a brainstorming session will leave us with exactly what we intended it to: lots of ideas to choose from.  From all appearances, it looks like a success. Clearly, the group can come up with more ideas in total than an individual person can. (Taylor, Berry, Block; Administrative Science Quarterly 1958, PDF) But mere quantity doesnt answer the question: does group participation help or hurt creative thinking? You dont know about all the ideas that were stifled in the process. In fact, if youve ever heard a team member say, weeks or months down the road of a project when something needs changing, I thought of that but didnt want to say anything you can bet your brainstorming session didnt work. A full whiteboard doesnt mean your brainstorming session gave you the best possible results. It might have only given you lots of output. 2. Personalities that dont mix. Any time you get a group of people together, you quickly see who is dominant, who is vocal, who is quiet, who is meek, who is extroverted, who is introverted, who is passive, and who is aggressive. To expect this group to provide creative ideas unfettered and freely is a foolish assumption. Personalities are always at work (and sometimes at war) in a group. Our ideas are a personal thing. We all naturally have a tendency to both want to get along with others, and to not appear foolish in front of others. Asking certain personality types to be willing to temporarily throw these driving forces to the wind is asking too much. Consider the introvert, whose creative energy is derived by not being around other people. Putting him or her in a group with extroverts and expecting a great performance is asking too much. The introverts best ideas often come when people are not around to distract and wear on them. A passive person might prefer to not have conflict, while an aggressive person requires it as fuel for their engine. Who do you think will speak up and who will quietly acquiesce to the popular idea? 3. The rise of the lowest common denominator. Brainstorming curtails creativity unconsciously. We all want to get along. Few people actually like conflict (though some do). A kind of equilibrium is reached, to the detriment of the group. Brainstorming also makes us lazy. When in a group focused on being creative, the idea is that you will feed off of each other, and springboard even further with the help of ideas that you would not have come up with.  The reality is that brainstorming allows for social loafing, a term used in a 2010 Applied Cognitive Psychology study by Nicholas W. Kohn and Steven M. Smith. According to Kohn and Smith, group brainstorming means that the participants compare themselves to the others, leading to social loafing and social matching. Social loafing occurs when individuals give less effort in a group because responsibility is diffused. Social matching is a tendency to conform to peers. According to Latanà ©s (1981) social impact theory, larger groups lead to greater conformity and greater downward performance matching. The larger the group, the more they conform to each other and actually match their input and performance to the lowest common denominator. In other words, group brainstorming participants are less productive than they would be on their own. 4. Idea plagiarism and fixation is rampant. Kohn and Smith continued their exploration of groups and the creation of ideas, explaining that we are unconsciously influenced by the ideas around us. Using Dunckers candle problem as an example, they showed how the ideas of others infect our own ideas in such a way that we cannot even discern when flaws that were present in the original idea are carried over into our own ideas. We create a solution built on the flaws of another. If we are left to come up with ideas without the input of others, our ideas tend to truly be unique and not merely derivative. The moment we are surrounded by the ideas of others, we absorb them as our own. Sometimes the idea of another unconsciously becomes our idea. This ties into fixation, or how, in a group, we become fixated on a solution and though we might generate many ideas, they are all fixated on a relatively narrow set. In other words: you might end up with lots of quantity after a brainstorming session, but did you ever have that feeling that not a single idea even came close? That they were all off in the same way? You had a group of people who absorbed each others ideas, flaws and all, and the solution became a too-narrow one despite the number of ideas that surrounded it. Brainstorming works best on your own. A group weakens the results.Solving The Group Brainstorming Problem Re-injecting anonymity to the procedure will directly reduce several of the barriers that make group brainstorming fail. It removes the fear of being judged by fellow team members and by leaders for possible silly ideas or suggestions. It allows voices to be heard that would otherwise be drowned out by others in a verbal-dominant meeting. These methods dont, however, address the social loafing aspect and the problem that comes with wanting our ideas to fit together and conform to levels perceived as appropriate or acceptable. Brainstorming, One Person At A Time The idea of brainstorming, a no-holds creative attack at a problem, isnt wrong. We cant rely purely on passive luck and gestalt to solve all of our problems. There are times we have to run hard at a problem from any and all directions to find a chip in its armor. Its when we mix this brainstorming with a group that those group dynamics are put into play and the creative power of individuals is actually lessened. Thats where singular brainstorming comes into play.  You can brainstorm on your own, as one person, without a group. The same rules apply regarding the removal of inhibition and self-criticism.  When brainstorming on my own, I use a few basic techniques as I attack a problem: 1. Get The Obvious Out Of The Way There will always be one or two ideas that immediately pop into your head. Just write them down. Get the obvious solutions out of the way so you can move on from them. I find that I free up thinking space once I write down all of the obvious solutions and ideas. Its one way I get past the self-criticism and inhibition problem that brainstorming is meant to avoid.  I tell myself that, if all else fails, I can always come back and revisit those initial sensible solutions.

Orwells Writing Rules Are Made to Be Broken

Orwells Writing Rules Are Made to Be Broken Orwell’s Writing Rules Are Made to Be Broken Orwell’s Writing Rules Are Made to Be Broken By Mark Nichol George Orwell, author of Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm, has been celebrated far and wide (including on this site) for his essay â€Å"Politics and the English Language.† The moral force of his argument is undeniable: Orwell, a socialist, witnessed the, well, Orwellian, tyranny of the Soviet Union and feared the power of propaganda and the insidiousness of authoritarian obfuscation, hence his passion for clear, simple writing. Toward the end of this justifiably influential tract, Orwell exhorted readers to adhere to six commandments about writing. However, as he himself wrote in a subsequent paragraph, â€Å"I have not here been considering the literary use of language, but merely language as an instrument for expressing and not for concealing or preventing thought.† Beyond that caution, though, literal adherence to his dicta is inadvisable, and to some extent I disagree with each of them. 1. Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print. Certainly, many figures of speech such as â€Å"bite the bullet,† â€Å"push the envelope,† and â€Å"go the extra mile† should be sent to the metaphor retirement home, and I’ve warned about buzzwords, but not every common figure of speech has worn out its welcome. They can be especially catchy when used in punny contexts: A government agency turns over a new leaf about deforestation, a rock band plays musical chairs with its lineup, a pharmaceutical company’s setback is a bitter pill to swallow. 2. Never us a long word where a short one will do. Utilization of sesquipedalian vocabulary unquestionably mitigates comprehension, but never is dishearteningly uncompromising. Better to advise minimizing multisyllabism. But must I always write do in place of accomplish? Spread instead of disseminate? Try in favor of endeavor? That’s an oddly totalitarian rule, coming from Orwell. 3. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. Um, is always really necessary in that sentence? And â€Å"Omit a word† is more concise than â€Å"cut a word out.† But omit has more letters than cut. Do you see where this is going? The answer is, too far. Striving to attain Hemingwayesque conciseness is appropriate for assembly instructions, and journalistic writing should be as transparent as possible, but Bill Bryson never met an adjective or an adverb he didn’t like, and if anyone’s complained about that, I haven’t read the grievance. In moderation (or, in Bryson’s case, in excess), modification is merited. 4. Never use the passive where you can use the active. The case for active language is often strong. But passive constructions are acceptable when the actor in a sentence (in the following sentence’s case, the â€Å"seer†) is not significant: â€Å"Punk music can be seen as a reaction to the overblown theatricality of disco and arena rock.† And sometimes the object is more important than the subject. Yes, favor active voice, but don’t categorically prohibit occasional passive structure. 5. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent. Am I prohibited from referring to an eminence grise, in favor of â€Å"power behind the throne† or â€Å"puppet master†? The French phrase for â€Å"gray eminence,† or â€Å"gray man,† is admittedly somewhat pretentious, but it’s also a rich metaphor and if you don’t know what it means, after you look it up, your word-hoard is in turn enriched. Likewise, scientific terminology and topic-specific jargon can become tiresome, but it’s often appropriate in moderation. 6. Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous. I disagree with this rule as well. Better, I say, to break any of these rules you like, but only after you acknowledge that each has its justifications and if you remain alert, in your writing, to abuses of the English language they caution against. But â€Å"Orwell, or else† is a policy that smacks of rigidity. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)Ten Yiddish Expressions You Should KnowDouble Possessive

How can retail banks in UK restore customer confidence and improve Dissertation

How can retail banks in UK restore customer confidence and improve customer satisfaction after the financial cri - Dissertation Example action and customer confidence. It gathers the multiple determinants of such problems based on several surveys involving about 10,000 respondents made of mostly customers of banks or households, some bank Branch Managers, and some bank employees. What will provide a way to improve customer satisfaction and customer confidence must be the creative initiative of all the UK Retail Banks. Since, it has been recovering from the economic crisis (in terms of profitability) while its customers do not enjoy the results of that recovery, the UK Retail Banks should identify the specific needs of customers, comply with FSA regulations, and offer customers a way to be a part of the economic recovery. That is aside from doing their services properly. After all, it was discovered that the customers were not the cause of decline in the economic variables. Speculations and lack of knowledge concerning the risks involved in the Capital Market were found to be the root cause of the most recent recessio n. Unfortunately, it appeared that the customers were the people castigated for the economic decline, while the banks that speculated were bailed out by government funds. Credit became hard to find for customers of banks. Terms and conditions became difficult to accept. Now the banks are recovering while the general public are still struggling to be treated fairly by the banks. How to revive customer satisfaction can be answered by the provision of the needed products and services for customers who need them in order to grow or be revived economically. There are many determinants of customer satisfaction. All of them point to one thing. Be concerned with the peoples’ needs and supply their needs properly. Chapter I Introduction In order to revive the UK economy during the recession period in 2008, the Bank of England implemented Quantitative Easing for its monetary policy effective 2009. In the month of March 2009, ?75 billion was added to the money supply when BoE printed ca sh to purchase Gilts (government bonds). This was followed by ?50 billion in May 2009; another ?50 billion in August 2009; and the final ?23 billion in November 2009. These amounts were anticipated to reach the households eventually so that the consumer spending would increase and the market was supposed to be revived. (BoE, 2009) Unfortunately, the money got stuck in the banks (Inmam, P. 2011). The appended Figure 1 shows how the velocity of transfer from banks to the corporations, SMEs, and households turned out to be very slow. When BoE researched for the reason why, it was reported that the banks had to rebuild its liquidity first with the total of ?200 billion released.

Effects of Rover Sell Off on the Financial Performance of BMW Case Study

Effects of Rover Sell Off on the Financial Performance of BMW - Case Study Example This is amidst the rising gross profit margin (16.04 to 16.28) from 1998 to 199 indicating that the company is trying to make higher profit by charging a higher mark-up. Asset turnover have also significantly declined from 1997 to 1999 reflecting the company's inability to manage assets as efficient as the previous years. In 1999, a dollar of the company's asset yields only $0.91 in total sales compared to the $1.11 in 1997. In terms of leverage, the three year span under consideration also sees the increasing dependence on debt as a major source of financing. Total debt as a percentage of total assets is 40.92% in 1999 which is significantly higher than the 34.34% and 36.75% reported in 1997 and 1998, respectively. BMW appeared satisfactory in terms of liquidity as its current assets can more than pay-off its immediate obligations. It current ratios are 1.33 in 1999, 1.09 in 1998, and 1.27 in 1997. However, the ballooning of accounts receivable is evidenced by the increasing percent age of receivables to current assets which peaked to 57.36% in 1999. Three years after the sell-off of Rover, BMW seem to fail in improving its financial position except its profitability. In fact, its computed financial ratios indicate further deterioration in terms of leverage, asset utilization, and liquidity.

Baroque Style :: essays research papers

The Baroque style was a style in which the art and artists of the time focused upon details, and intricate designs. During this time the portraits began to portray modern life, and artists turned their backs on classical tradition. Buildings were more elaborate and ornately decorated. These works of art created history and altered the progress of Western Civilization. The progress has been an uneven one. Regression and progress often alternated, and shifts in direction often occurred. Art, architecture, literature, and historical events shaped the ideas of the era we know today. Architecture such as the palace of Versailles, and artists like Caravaggio, Rembrandt, and Goya symbolize these ideas. The palace of Versailles is a grand building outside of Paris, which exhibits the characteristics of the Baroque style. It was elaborately decorated and the final product took 20 years to create. The fence is covered with a sheet of gold; every room is filled with intricate carvings and elegant figurines. Each room reflects a certain time or king by the change in furniture and style. These rooms demonstrate this with items such as back-less chairs, which were created to accommodate the clothes of the period. The materials used to create each piece also distinguish the time period. First generation furniture was made of sterling silver, and the upholstery was changed with the seasons. Second generation furniture was very elaborate and made of wood. Versailles is a perfect example of progression in Western art. The entire house displays the transition from Medieval to Renaissance to the Baroque stylings. The palace is like a museum, which shows the progress of society using art and architecture. Caravaggio was an artist of this period who was also a pioneer in art. The artists of this period began to portray modern life, instead of religious figures. Caravaggio was a violent man who came to Italy to paint. Rebelling against conventional ideas- divine intervention, Virgin Mary, and death- he came to create his own style, forcing civilization ahead, and forcing others to follow his path. His paintings show pleading through man's direct knowledge of God. By revolting against the classical traditions, he created his own style, which other artists wished to portray also. Thus, he created a forward movement in the fashion of art and architecture. Rembrandt was also an artist who wished to depict art in a new manner. "Rembrandt, although in fact he was a profound student of the classical tradition, wanted to look at every episode as if it had never been depicted before, and to try to find an equivalent for it in his own experience." (Clark, 203). "...Rembrandt's paintings

Anlysing of Tv Commercial

The Selected TV Commercial We have selected a television advertisment of bKash, a Brack bank company, for our given assignment. bKash is a service providing company newly launched in Bangladesh which mission is to provide financial services allowing people of Bangladesh to safely send and receive money via mobile devices that are convenient, affordable and reliable. The TV commercial in details: Here on the add Sokhina is the main actress who is a garments worker and uses bKash regularly to send money home to her family.She narrates how bKash has made her life so much easier, and how it is transforming the lives of everyone around her too. How the other people are being benefitted by bKash according to this advertisement are describing below. Her neighbor Milon is a driver who used to receive his salary in cash. Milon is happy because bKash is a better means to keep his money safe as he does not have a bank account. He does not need to cash out the whole amount at a time. Ronnie is t he son of the Chairman of Sokhina’s village who is a university student and lives on campus away from home.He needs to pay his tuition fee urgently and calls his father to send him the money through bKash. He also assured his father not to be worried to lose the money as only he knows the pin code to make the money cash. Soo it is secure even the cell phone is lost. Again her madam Nina buys some groceries from a nearby superstore and happily pays with bKash at the store. Nina likes paying with bKash as it is simple, convenient and she no longer needs to carry cash. According to the TV commercial at present sending or receiving money using bKash is only possible under Grameen Phone and Robi network throughout the country.WEB link: http://www. bkash. com/video/something-everyone If facing any problem please visit http://www. facebook. com/Zelius. Miraz? fref=ts TARGET MARKET ANLYSIS Consumer markets can be segmented on the following customer characteristics. * Geographic * Dem ographic * Psychographic Geographic Target Market: If we consider about the geographical target market for bKash on the basis of the advertisement then it would be the whole Bangladesh where the network of GP and Robi is available as it talks about sending and receiving money from one end to another.Demographic Target Market: Age: People of ages 18 to 50. On the add we have seen that Ronnie, a university student, needs to use bKash for the payment of his tuition fees again on the other hand Sokhina sends money to her parents through bKash. So all of them are the target market of bkash. Gender: Both male and female. Income: People who earn money and do not both are the target market of bkash as it is providing one type of banking service. Occupation: Service Holder, Driver, Students, Housewife, Farmers, Businessman etc. ccording to the advertisement only. Psychographic Target Market: Social Class: Lower, middle and upper. Attitude and beliefs: Security conscious. Behavioral Target Ma rket: Benefits sought: Sokhina the garment worker describes about the benefits of bKash. User status: Potential and regular. OBJECTIVE OF THE ADVERTISEMENT The main objective of the advertisement is to attract the people of all sectors especially including garments workers, other lower earning people, students and housewives to use the financial service of bKash. CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

Industrial Revolution Is Defined By Britannica - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 887 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Industrial Revolution Essay Did you like this example? Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley, was a novel set in Europe written in the mid 1800s, but set in the late 1700s. Throughout this time period, Europe was undergoing drastic social and economic changes. Many of these changes were a direct result of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. This time period is often described as an era of exploration, discovery, and industrialization which pushed the limits of what the world was capable of. Within Frankenstein Victor Frankensteins life after creating the monster is a depiction of how Mary Shelley feared technological advancement without consideration of consequences, and she came to this opinion because of the effects of the Industrial Revolution on her life. She became wary of advancement simply for the sake of advancement. She forced her readers to ask themselves what price is to high to gain knowledge? Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Industrial Revolution Is Defined By Britannica" essay for you Create order The Industrial Revolution is defined by Britannica as the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing (Britannica). Mary Shelleys Frankenstein serves as a critique to what In the novel, Victor Frankenstein aimed to create life and nothing could stand in his way. He worked fervidly to create what he deemed as the perfect human. The summer months passed while I was thus engaged, heart and soul, in one pursuit (41). Victor drove himself to the brink of death from his relentless obsession with this creation. He became so entangled with his task that he ended up neglecting his family, his friends, his career, and any concern for his own life. This discovery of such dangerous knowledge sucked all emotion and joy from his life and only served to cause him pain. His situation continued to worsen, as his creation systematically destroyed his entire life. Everyone he had ever cared for was strangled and Victor spent the remainder of his life in constant misery. Though Victors discovery of how to create life is amazing, reason and truth are unable to exist without emotion. The introduction of advanced technology and knowledge did not only affect those that had created or possessed the technology and knowledge, but rather it created problems and raised awareness of issues among the common people in Europe which in turn led to their disapproval of the overall industrial revolution phase. Even though the continuous introduction of new machinery during the period of the Industrial Revolution generally made everyday life much easier, people didnt quite trust machines to do their jobs and most would prefer to stick to more natural methods of production. This can easily be seen within Frankenstein. When Victors monster was created it was basically a machine, created mainly for the purpose of experimentation and discovery. When the monster attempted to become a member of society, he was feared and even hated by society because of his unnatural origins. When Mary Shelley first published Frankenstein, she included a subtitle with it. That subtitle was The Modern Prometheus. Over time, the subtitles use in print shrank until it was hardly ever used, but the comparison between Frankenstein and a tale from ancient lore is one worth exploring. In classical Greek mythology, Prometheus is credited as the creator of the first humans. He shaped mankind with clay from the earth, which Athena then proceeded to breathe life into. As the creator and even father of mankind, Prometheus provided for them and equipped them with the skills necessary for survival. Prometheuss story continues when he steals the secrets of fire from the gods and gives them to man, which Zeus- the king of the gods- punished him for. He stole fire from the gods for man to encourage their growth and to enable them to thrive and discover new and amazing things. The subtitle The Modern Prometheus is juxtaposed with the primary title; Shelley compares Victor Frankenstein to the mythological father of mankind. The most obvious similarity between the two is that both characters form a living creature out of inanimate matter. Frankensteins goals are focused on creating a new species [that] would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve of theirs (40). In the Romantic era, Prometheus became thought of as a symbol for modern civilization and intelligence, as well as scientific discovery. Victor also, in his early stages of growth, felt as if the world was to me was a secret which I desired to divine (22). His desire to discover the hidden secrets of the world drew him to look further than what was natural for man to create. Victor longed to go farther into the realm of scientific knowledge and to expand the potential of human development. But just like Prometheus, going past the natural limitations of what man is capable brings about consequences. Prometheus was castigated for caring for his creations too well by providing for them the necessary tools of progress. Victor, on the other hand, is revolted by his creation, and they eventually turn on each other. Victors creation of the monster is a reflection of the Industrial Revolution and a scientific era that pushed the borders of what was possible. Mary Shelley depicts a society that is forced to face a monster of their own creation.